BioinformaticsAndMe

[Anatomy] Back muscle(등근육)

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Back muscle

1. Superficial Group	Scapula movement - Trapezius (승모근) - Latissimus Dorsi (광배근) - Levator Scapulae (견갑거근) - Rhomboid major (대능형근) - Rhomboid minor (소능형근)
2. Intermediate Group	Rib movement - Serratus posterior superior (상후거근) - Serratus posterior inferior (하후거근)
3. Deep(Intrinsic) Group	Neck & Head movement - Splenius Capitis (두판상근) - Splenius Cervicis (경판상근) Erector spine - Iliocostalis (장늑근) - Longissimus (최장근) - Spinalis (극근) Transversospinales - Semispinalis (반극근) - Multifidus (다열근) - Rotatores (회전근)

Spine Radiographic Anatomy

AP view (Cervical)	AP view (Thoracic)
AP view (Lumbar)	AP view (Sacrum)

#Reference

1) http://www.wikiradiography.net

2) https://www.physio-pedia.com/Back_Muscles

[Anatomy] Back muscle(등근육)

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BioinformaticsAndMe

[Anatomy] Hip joint(고관절)

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Hip joint Movements

Flexion - iliacus (장골근) - Psoas major (대요근) - Rectus femoris (대퇴직근) - Gracilis (박근) - Pectineus (치골근)	Extension - Gluteus maximus (대둔근) - Semitendinosus (반건양근) - Semimembranosus (반막양근) - Biceps femoris (대퇴이두근) - Adductor magnus (대내전근)
Abduction - Gluteus medius (중둔근) - Gluteus minimus (소둔근) - Tensor fasciae latae (대퇴근막장근) - Obturator internus (내폐쇄근)	Adduction - Gracilis (박근) - Pectineus (치골근) - Adductor brevis (단내전근) - Adductor longus (장내전근) - Adductor magnus (대내전근)

Hip Radiographic Anatomy

AP view (Hip)	AP view (Pelvis)

#Reference

1) http://www.wikiradiography.net

2) Mihcin, Senay, et al. "Wearable motion capture system evaluation for biomechanical studies for hip joints." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 143.4 (2021): 044504.

[Anatomy] Hip joint(고관절)

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BioinformaticsAndMe

[Anatomy] Ankle(발목)

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Ankle Movements

Dorsiflexion - Tibialis anterior (전경골근) - Extensor hallucis longus (장무지신근) - Extensor digitorum longus (장지신근) - Peroneus/Fibularis tertius (제3비골근)	Inversion - Tibialis anterior (전경골근) - Extensor hallucis longus (장무지신근) - Tibialis posterior (후경골근) - Flexor hallucis longus (장무지굴근) - Flexor digitorum longus (장지굴근) - Soleus (비장근)
Plantarflexion - Soleus (비장근) - Tibialis posterior (후경골근) - Flexor hallucis longus (장무지굴근) - Flexor digitorum longus (장지굴근) - Gastrocnemius (비복근) - Peroneal/Fibularis longus  (장비골근) - Peroneal/Fibularis brevis  (단비골근)	Eversion - Extensor digitorum longus (장지신근) - Peroneus/Fibularis tertius (제3비골근) - Peroneal/Fibularis longus  (장비골근) - Peroneal/Fibularis brevis  (단비골근) - Gastrocnemius (비복근)

Ankle Radiographic Anatomy

AP View	Mortise View	Lateral View

#Reference

1) http://www.wikiradiography.net

2) Li, Sheng. "Ankle and foot spasticity patterns in chronic stroke survivors with abnormal gait." Toxins 12.10 (2020): 646.

[Anatomy] Ankle(발목)

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BioinformaticsAndMe

[Anatomy] Shoulder(어깨)

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Shoulder Movements

	Rotator cuff - Supraspinatus m. (극상근) - Infraspinatus m. (극하근) - Teres minor m. (소원근) - Subscapularis m. (견갑하근)
	- Deltoid m. (삼각근) - Coracobrachialis m. (오훼완근) - Triceps brachii m. (상완삼두근) - Biceps brachii m. (상완이두근) - Latissimus dorsi m. (광배근) - Pectoralis major m. (대흉근) - Pectoralis minor m. (소흉근)

Shoulder Radiographic Anatomy

AP View
Lateral View	Neer View

#Reference

1) http://www.wikiradiography.net

2) Weerakkody, T. H., et al. "Development of an active shoulder prosthesis with low-level control validation." Model. Identif. Control 848 (2017): 194-199.

3) https://westsubpainrelief.com/coracobrachialis/

[Anatomy] Shoulder(어깨)

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BioinformaticsAndMe

[Anatomy] Wrist(손목)

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Wrist Movements

	- Flexor carpi radialis (요측수근굴근) - Palmaris longus (장장근) - Flexor carpi ulnaris (척측수근굴근) - Flexor digitorum superficialis (천지굴근) - Flexor digitorum profundus (심지굴근)
	- Extensor carpi ulnaris (척측수근신근) - Extensor carpi radialis longus (장요측수근신근) - Extensor carpi radialis brevis (단요측수근신근) - Extensor digitorum (지신근) - Extensor indicis (시지신근)
	- Flexor carpi radialis (요측수근굴근) - Extensor carpi radialis longus (장요측수근신근) - Extensor carpi radialis brevis (단요측수근신근)
	- Flexor carpi ulnaris (척측수근굴근) - Extensor carpi ulnaris (척측수근신근)

Wrist Radiographic Anatomy

AP/PA View	Oblique View
Lateral View	Carpal tunnel View

#Reference

1) http://www.wikiradiography.net

2) https://www.acropt.com/blog/2017/5/28/anatomy-of-the-wrist-mfkkp

[Anatomy] Wrist(손목)

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BioinformaticsAndMe

[Anatomy] Knee(무릎)

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Knee Movements

1) Flexion(굴곡) - Sciatic n. / Inferior gluteal a.

- Biceps femoris(대퇴이두근;short;long): quadriceps femoris(대퇴사두근)

- Semitendinosus(반건양근): quadriceps femoris(대퇴사두근)

- Semimembranosus(반막양근): quadriceps femoris(대퇴사두근)

- Sartorius(봉공근): medially rotates knee

- Gracilis(대퇴박근): medially rotates knee

- Popliteus(슬와근)

- Plantaris(족척근)

- Gastrocnemius(비복근)

2) Extension(신전) - femoral n. / femoral a.

- Rectus femoris(대퇴직근): hamstring(햄스트링)

- Vastus intermedius(중간광근): hamstring(햄스트링)

- Vastus lateralis(외측광근): hamstring(햄스트링)

- Vastus medialis(내측광근): hamstring(햄스트링)

- Articularis genus(무릎관절근): pulls suprapatellar bursa during extension of knee

- Gluteus maximus(대둔근): supports extended knee through iliotibial tract

Knee Radiographic Anatomy

AP View	Rolled Lateral View
Skyline View	Intercondylar View

#Reference

1) http://www.wikiradiography.net

2) https://www.kevinrootmedical.com/blogs/orthotic-news/a-summary-of-extension-at-the-knee-joint

3) https://www.kevinrootmedical.com/blogs/orthotic-news/a-summary-of-flexion-at-the-knee-joint

[Anatomy] Knee(무릎)

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BioinformaticsAndMe

[발목] 아킬레스건 신체진찰

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Thompson’s squeezing test (Achilles Tendon Rupture)

: 환자를 엎드린 다음, 발을 관찰하면서 종아리를 쥐어짜기.

: Plantar flexion이 있으면, 아킬레스건이 손상되지 않았음을 의미. 
: 그렇지 않으면, 아킬레스건 파열을 나타냄. 

#Reference

1) https://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/the25/Ankleandfootexam.html

[발목] 아킬레스건 신체진찰

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BioinformaticsAndMe

[발목] 경비인대결합(Tibio-Fibular Syndesmosis) 신체진찰

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Tibio-Fibular Syndesmosis Damage

: Tibio-Fibular syndesmosis 손상을 평가하기 위해, External roatation test와 squeeze test를 수행.

1) External rotation test

    - 다리를 고정한 상태에서 발을 바깥쪽으로 부드럽게 돌림
    - 이 때, 통증은 Tibio-Fibular syndesmosis 손상을 나타냄.

2) Squeezing test:

    - 경골과 비골을 함께 압축하듯이 누름
    - 이 때, 통증은 Tibio-Fibular syndesmosis 손상을 나타냄.

#Reference

1) https://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/the25/Ankleandfootexam.html

[발목] 경비인대결합(Tibio-Fibular Syndesmosis) 신체진찰

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BioinformaticsAndMe

[발목] 골연골병변 신체진찰

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Osteochondral Defect of Talar Dome

: Talar Dome의 Osteochondral defect(골연골병변)를 확인하기 위한 촉진 검사 

: Talar Dome을 찾기 위해, Lateral malleolus를 따라 오목한 곳까지 앞쪽으로 이동
: Talar Dome에서 촉진되는 압통은 osteochondral defect(골연골 결손)을 나타냄.

#Reference

1) https://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/the25/Ankleandfootexam.html

[발목] 골연골병변 신체진찰

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BioinformaticsAndMe

[발목] 종비인대(CFL) 신체진찰

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 Forced Inversion (CFL rupture)

: CFL(Calcaneofibular ligament)의 이상 여부를 확인하는 검사

: 한 손으로 다리를 고정시키고 발을 강제로 Inversion 시킴.
: 이 때, 압통이나 이완증이 있는 경우 CFL injury를 나타냄.

: 양쪽 발을 모두 진행하여 비교해보는 것이 중요함

#Reference

1) https://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/the25/Ankleandfootexam.html

[발목] 종비인대(CFL) 신체진찰

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BioinformaticsAndMe